Tenses adalah bentuk dari kata kerja (verb) yang menunjukkan waktu suatu tindakan dalam kalimat bahasa Inggris, misalnya waktu lampau (past), sekarang (present) atau akan datang (future). Berdasarkan pembagian waktu tersebut, di bentuklah tiga kelompok tense utama yang masing-masing dirinci lagi untuk menyatakan tindakan dalam waktu yang lebih spesifik.
Tense tersebut adalah sebagai berikut:
1. Simple Present Tense
Formula: S+V-1
Example:
- She is so beautiful. (Dia sangat cantik.)
- We agree with the speaker’s opinion. (Kami setuju dengan opini pembicara.)
2. Present Continous Tense
Formula: S + am/is/are + Ving (Present Participle)
Example:
- I’m driving a car to Bandung now. (Saya sedang menyetir mobil ke Bandung sekarang.)
- The buses are arriving in an hour. (Bus-bus tersebut tiba dalam satu jam.)
3. Present Perfect Tense
Formula: S + have/has + past participle/V-3
Example:
- I’ve read this book. (Saya sudah membaca buku ini.)
- I have lived in Cilegon for 3 months. (Saya telah tinggal di Cilegon selama 3 bulan.)
4. Present Perfect Continous Tense
Formula: S + have/has + been + present participle/V-ing
Example:
- The toddlers have been playing a ball for an hour. (Balita-balita itu telah bermain bola selama satu jam.)
5. Simple Past Tense
Formula: S+V-2
Example:
- The party started at 10.00 a.m. (Pesta dimulai jam 10 pagi.)
6. Past Continuous Tense
Formula: S + was/were + present participle/V-ing
Example:
- The team was playing basketball all day yesterday. (Tim bermain basket sepanjang hari kemarin.)
7. Past Perfect Tense
Formula: S + had+past particfiple/V-3
Example:
- When he came last night, the cake had run out. (Ketika dia datang semalam, kue sudah habis.)
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Formula: S + had + been + present participle/V-ing
Example:
- The labors had been demonstrating for an hour when the manager came. (Pekerja telah berdemonstrasi selama satu jam ketika manager datang.)
9. Simple Future Tense
Formula: S + will + bare infinitive / S+ be (is/am/are) + going to + bare infinitive
Example:
- You will win the game. (Kamu akan memenangkan permainan tersebut.)
- I am going to meet him tomorrow. (Saya akan menemuinya besok.)
10. Future Continuous Tense
Formula: S + will+ be + present participle/V-ing
Example:
- He will be sleeping at 10 p.m. (Dia akan sedang tidur pada jam 10 malam.)
11. Future Perfect Tense
Formula: S + will + have + past participle/V-3
Example:
- At this time next month, I’ll have finished my English course. (Pada waktu yang sama bulan depan, saya akan telah menyelesaikan kursus bahasa Inggris.)
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Formula: S + will + have + been + present participle/V-ing
Example:
- The cat will have been sleeping long when you get home. (Kucing itu telah lama tidur ketika kamu pulang.)
13. Past Future Tense
Formula: S + would + bare infinitive
Example:
- He would forgive you. (Dia akan memaafkanmu.)
14. Past Future Continuous Tense
Formula: S + would + be + present participle
Example:
- I would be attending the conference if I was in Jakarta. (Saya akan sedang menghadiri konferensi tersebut jika saya ada di Jakarta.)
15. Past Future Perfect Tense
Formula: S + would + have + past participle/V-3
Example:
- If you had saved your jewelry and foreign currency in a safety deposit box, they wouldn’t have gon. (Jika kamu telah meyimpan perhiasan dan mata uang asingmu di safety deposit box, mereka tidak akan hilang.)
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Formula: S + would + have + been + present participle
Example:
- If his Visa had been approved, he would have been working abroad for a week. (Jika Visa dia telah disetujui, dia akan telah bekerja selama seminggu.)
Nah, itulah pengertian dari tenses serta ada rumus dan beberapa contoh yang sudah disebutkan diatas. Semoga bermanfaat bagi Anda, terima kasih.